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Convoy SC 118
Convoy SC-118 was the 118th of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool.〔Hague 2000 p.133〕 The ships departed New York City on 24 January 1943〔Hague 2000 p.135〕 and were met by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group B-2 consisting of V class destroyers ''Vanessa'' and ''Vimy'', the USCG Treasury Class Cutter ''Bibb'', the Town class destroyer , Flower class corvettes ''Campanula'', ''Mignonette'', ''Abelia'' and ''Lobelia'', and the convoy rescue ship ''Toward''.〔Rohwer & Hummelchen 1992 p.191〕
==Background==
As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the second happy time, Admiral Karl Dönitz, the ''Befehlshaber der U-Boote'' (''BdU'') or commander in chief of U-Boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search for convoys with the advantage of intelligence gained through ''B-Dienst'' decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3.〔Tarrant p.108〕 However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.〔Hague pp.132, 137-138, 161-162, 164, 181〕
On 2 February ''U-456'' sank three ships from convoy HX 224. A survivor of one of the sunken ships was picked up by ''U-632'' and told his rescuers a slower convoy was following behind HX-224.〔Waters December 1966 p.96〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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